This module describes the diseases that can be prevented by vaccines in the immunization programmes of most countries. Since the last edition of Immunization in practice, more diseases have been added because effective new vaccines — against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), for example — are now widely available.
Each country has its own policies as to which vaccines to use. Your country’s policy may not include all of the vaccines described in Immunization in practice, and some vaccines, including those for yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis, are only used in certain regions of the world. We have included information about these diseases to make this module useful anywhere.
Some diseases, including polio, measles, and maternal and neonatal tetanus, have specific goals for eradication or elimination. These are covered in this module. It is important, however, to be aware that we have a global goal to improve immunization coverage of all vaccines, which is:
Ensure full immunization of children under one year of age at 90% coverage nationally with at least 80% coverage in every district or equivalent administrative unit.
This goal was set by the UN General Assembly’s Special Session on Children in May 2002. It is supported by a large number of international partners and donors through the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI).
This module describes the diseases that can be prevented by vaccines in the immunization programmes of most countries. Since the last edition of Immunization in practice, more diseases have been added because effective new vaccines — against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), for example — are now widely available.
Each country has its own policies as to which vaccines to use. Your country’s policy may not include all of the vaccines described in Immunization in practice, and some vaccines, including those for yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis, are only used in certain regions of the world. We have included information about these diseases to make this module useful anywhere.
Some diseases, including polio, measles, and maternal and neonatal tetanus, have specific goals for eradication or elimination. These are covered in this module. It is important, however, to be aware that we have a global goal to improve immunization coverage of all vaccines, which is:
Ensure full immunization of children under one year of age at 90% coverage nationally with at least 80% coverage in every district or equivalent administrative unit.
This goal was set by the UN General Assembly’s Special Session on Children in May 2002. It is supported by a large number of international partners and donors through the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI).
This module describes 13 vaccines that are in common use in most developing countries to prevent the diseases presented in module 1. There are many other vaccines available in the world but they are not widely used in developing countries and are therefore not included in this module.
For each vaccine the description includes information on:
A section on contraindications follows the descriptions of the vaccines.
This module describes what the cold chain is, what cold chain equipment is needed in health facilities, and how to use and maintain this equipment.
Some illustrations in this document show equipment from named manufacturers. Their inclusion does not indicate endorsement of a specific manufacturer’s products by WHO.
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